scGPT

Single-cell foundation: Applies LLM-style pretraining to single-cell transcriptomics data, tokenizing cells and genes.

Massive scale: Pretrained on 10 million cells - the largest foundation model for single-cell biology at the time.

Multi-task transfer: Transfers to cell-type annotation, gene perturbation prediction, multi-batch integration, and gene network inference.

Bio-AI foundation: Part of the broader push toward domain-specific foundation models in biology, alongside ESMFold (proteins) and DNA foundation models.