A Survey of Large Language Models

Broad coverage: 50+ pages covering LLM architecture, pretraining, fine-tuning, alignment, evaluation, and applications.

Chronological evolution: Traces the lineage from early transformers through GPT, PaLM, LLaMA, and beyond.

Frequently updated: Authors have updated the survey multiple times to keep pace with rapidly evolving field.

Go-to reference: Became one of the most widely cited LLM surveys, frequently used in graduate courses and research onboarding.